A new kind of orthodontic software, known as an "app," has also been developed. Apps for diagnosis, treatment planning, communication, and interaction with patients have been developed for iOS and Android. There are a variety of patient-facing apps in this category, such as diagnostics, reminders, and progress tracking, as well as public awareness and education apps, such as peer-reviewed publications and model analysis applications (Table 1) [42].
The human dentition [1] and dental arch dimensions [2] continuously change up to adulthood. Changes in facial dimensions occur in vertical and sagittal dimensions throughout the growth [3]. During transition of dentition, dental arch form and width alter due to tooth movement and vertical growth of alveolar process [4,5,6,7].The shape and size of the process are influenced by alterations in different parts of the skull [8]. The size and shape of dental arches vary in different stage of dentition that should be considered for orthodontic diagnosis, treatment and stability of treatment out-comes [1]. The changes that occur in the dental arches in these periods of mixed dentition are the result of tooth movement and growth of the supporting bone [9]. Changes of palatal width take place in both canine and molar sites from childhood to adolescence [10]. Numerous studies have reported an increase in palatal inter-canine [1, 7, 10,11,12,13,14,15,16] and inter-molar [1, 10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23] width from primary to early permanent dentition. Eruption of the permanent incisors resulted in an increase of the width and high of anterior segment of the maxilla. Alveolar processes diverge as the teeth erupt. A further minor increase of palatal width and height was occurred with eruption of the permanent canines [1,2,3, 10].
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The development of the dental arches is a continuous process with some changes during the mixed developmental period [1]. Between adolescence and adulthood, we found a slow continuous change in all dimensions. These findings are of importance for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, as well as for post-treatment stability [1, 10]. Most cephalometric and anthropometric norms in Iranian population are significantly different from the published norms [31,32,33,34,35,36,37]. This study aimed to evaluate the palatal dimensions at different stages of dentition in Iranian children and adolescent with normal occlusion.
The comprehensive management of patients with severe malocclusions starts with a proper diagnosis and the decision whether the patient should be treated by interdisciplinary orthodontic-surgical treatment or by orthodontic therapy alone. The isolated orthodontic approach, known as camouflage, implies the dento-alveolar compensation of the skeletal anomaly with the consequence of non orthoaxial incisor inclination. In contrast, combined orthodontic-surgical treatment requires the complete dissolution of the natural dental compensation of the dysgnathic jaw relation in all three dimensions ending ideally in an orthoaxial incisor inclination [1].
Within the limitations of this study, the results underpin that an individual diagnosis and treatment planning are of great importance for the success of combined orthodontic-surgical therapy. Keeping the following conclusion in mind may help to improve the personal result:
Cephalometric radiograph has been used for the diagnosis of orthodontic problems in vertical and anteroposterior direction. Authors revealed different findings and measurement for open bite cases by using different methods of cephalometric analysis [11, 12]. 2ff7e9595c
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